Android系统服务的注册方式

Posted by Gityuan on October 1, 2016

一. 概述

启动启动过程有采用过两种不同的方式来注册系统服务:

  • ServiceManager的addService()
  • SystemServiceManager的startService()

其核心都是向ServiceManager进程注册binder服务,但功能略有不同,下面从源码角度详加说明。

二. SM.addService方式

这里以InputManagerService服务为例, 说明这类服务的启动方式:

inputManager = new InputManagerService(context, null); //先创建服务对象
ServiceManager.addService(Context.INPUT_SERVICE, inputManager); //[见小节2.1]

2.1 SM.addService

[-> ServiceManager.java]

public static void addService(String name, IBinder service) {
    try {
        // [见小节2.2 和 2.3]
        getIServiceManager().addService(name, service, false);
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "error in addService", e);
    }
}

2.2 SM.getIServiceManager

[-> ServiceManager.java]

private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {
    if (sServiceManager != null) {
        return sServiceManager;
    }
    //【见2.2.1】
    sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());
    return sServiceManager;
}

采用了单例模式获取ServiceManager getIServiceManager()返回的是ServiceManagerProxy(简称SMP)对象.

其中BinderInternal.getContextObject(), 等价于new BpBinder(0), handle=0意味着指向的是远程进程/system/bin/servicemanager中的 ServiceManager服务.

2.2.1 asInterface

[-> ServiceManagerNative.java]

public abstract class ServiceManagerNative extends Binder implements IServiceManager
{

    static public IServiceManager asInterface(IBinder obj)
    {
        if (obj == null) {
            return null;
        }
        IServiceManager in =
            (IServiceManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
        if (in != null) {
            return in;
        }
        //创建ServiceManagerProxy对象[见小节2.2.2]
        return new ServiceManagerProxy(obj);
    }
}

2.2.2 ServiceManagerProxy创建

[-> ServiceManagerNative.java ::ServiceManagerProxy]

class ServiceManagerProxy implements IServiceManager {
    private IBinder mRemote;
    
    public ServiceManagerProxy(IBinder remote) {
        mRemote = remote;
    }
    ...
}

可见, getIServiceManager()过程是获取一个用于跟远程ServiceManager服务(这个用于管理所有binder服务的大管家)进行通信的binder代理端.

2.3 SMP.addService

[-> ServiceManagerNative.java ::ServiceManagerProxy]

public void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated)
        throws RemoteException {
    Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
    Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
    data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);
    data.writeString(name);
    data.writeStrongBinder(service);
    data.writeInt(allowIsolated ? 1 : 0);
    mRemote.transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
    reply.recycle();
    data.recycle();
}

通过mRemote向将ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION的事件发送给ServiceManager. 接下来的内容见Binder系列5—注册服务(addService).

三. SSM.startService方式

通过这种方式启动的服务,有一个特点都是继承于SystemService对象, 这里以PowerManagerService为例来说明:

//[见小节3.1]
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext); 
//[见小节3.2]
mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);

3.1 SSM初始化

[-> SystemServiceManager.java]

public class SystemServiceManager {
    private final Context mContext;
    
    //接收lifecycle事件的服务
    private final ArrayList<SystemService> mServices = new ArrayList<SystemService>();
    
    public SystemServiceManager(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
    }
    
}

mSystemServiceManager只会创建一次,后续其他服务通过该方式启动,直接调用其startService()方法即可。

3.2 SSM.startService

[-> SystemServiceManager.java]

public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) {
    final String name = serviceClass.getName();

    //保证要启动的服务是继承于SystemService,否则抛出异常
    if (!SystemService.class.isAssignableFrom(serviceClass)) {
        throw new RuntimeException(...);
    }
    
    final T service;
    try {
        Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);
        //通过反射创建目标服务类的对象
        service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        ...
    }
    //将该服务添加到mServices
    mServices.add(service);

    try {
        //执行服务的onStart过程 
        service.onStart();
    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
        ...
    }
    return service;
}

mSystemServiceManager.startService(xxx.class) 功能主要:

  1. 创建xxx类的对象,执行该对象的构造函数;
  2. 将该对象添加到mSystemServiceManager的成员变量mServices;
  3. 调用该对象的onStart();

看到这并没有看到服务是如何注册到ServiceManager, 这里继续以PowerManagerService为例,其实是在onStart()完成.

3.2.1 onStart

[-> PowerManagerService.java]

public void onStart() {
    //[见小节3.2.2]
    publishBinderService(Context.POWER_SERVICE, new BinderService());
    publishLocalService(PowerManagerInternal.class, new LocalService());

    Watchdog.getInstance().addMonitor(this);
    Watchdog.getInstance().addThread(mHandler);
}

PowerManagerService定义了一个内部类BinderService, 继承于IPowerManager.Stub服务. 再调用publishBinderService来注册服务.

3.2.2 publishBinderService

[-> SystemService.java]

public abstract class SystemService {
    protected final void publishBinderService(String name, IBinder service) {
        publishBinderService(name, service, false);
    }

    protected final void publishBinderService(String name, IBinder service,
            boolean allowIsolated) {
        ServiceManager.addService(name, service, allowIsolated);
    }
}

到此可见, 采用该方式真正注册服务的过程,同样也是采用ServiceManager.addService方式.

通过这种方式启动的服务, 都是继承于SystemService类, 那么这种方式启动的服务有什么特殊之处吗? 答应就是startBootPhase的过程:

3.3 SSM.startBootPhase

[–>SystemServiceManager.java]

public void startBootPhase(final int phase) {
    mCurrentPhase = phase;

    final int serviceLen = mServices.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < serviceLen; i++) {
        final SystemService service = mServices.get(i);
        try {
            service.onBootPhase(mCurrentPhase);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ...
    }
}

所有通过该方式注册的继承于SystemService的服务,都会被添加到mServices. 该方法会根据当前系统启动到不同的阶段, 则回调所有服务onBootPhase()方法

3.3.1 BootPhase

系统开机启动过程, 当执行到system_server进程时, 将启动过程划分了几个阶段, 定义在SystemService.java文件

public static final int PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY = 100; 
public static final int PHASE_LOCK_SETTINGS_READY = 480;
public static final int PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY = 500;
public static final int PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY = 550;
public static final int PHASE_THIRD_PARTY_APPS_CAN_START = 600;
public static final int PHASE_BOOT_COMPLETED = 1000;

这些阶段跟系统服务大致的顺序图,如下:

system_server服务启动流程

PHASE_BOOT_COMPLETED=1000,该阶段是发生在Boot完成和home应用启动完毕, 对于系统服务更倾向于监听该阶段,而非监听广播ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED

四. 总结

方式1. ServiceManager.addService():

  • 功能:向ServiceManager注册该服务.
  • 特点:服务往往直接或间接继承于Binder服务;
  • 举例:input, window, package;

方式2. SystemServiceManager.startService:

  • 功能:
    • 创建服务对象;
    • 执行该服务的onStart()方法;该方法会执行上面的SM.addService();
    • 根据启动到不同的阶段会回调onBootPhase()方法;
    • 另外,还有多用户模式下用户状态的改变也会有回调方法;例如onStartUser();
  • 特点:服务往往自身或内部类继承于SystemService;
  • 举例:power, activity;

两种方式真正注册服务的过程都会调用到ServiceManager.addService()方法. 对于方式2多了一个服务对象创建以及 根据不同启动阶段采用不同的动作的过程。可以理解为方式2比方式1的功能更丰富。


微信公众号 Gityuan | 微博 weibo.com/gityuan | 博客 留言区交流