Flutter渲染机制—GPU线程

Posted by Gityuan on June 16, 2019

基于Flutter 1.5,从源码视角来深入剖析flutter渲染机制,相关源码目录见文末附录

一、GPU线程渲染

看Flutter的渲染绘制过程的核心过程包括在ui线程和gpu线程,上一篇文章Flutter渲染机制—UI线程已经详细介绍了UI线程的工作原理, 本文则介绍GPU线程的工作原理,这里需要注意的是,gpu线程是指运行着GPU Task Runner的名叫gpu的线程,其实依然是是在CPU上执行,用于将ui线程传递过来的layer tree转换为GPU命令并方法送到GPU,但这个执行过程会等待GPU的执行结果。

1.1 GPU渲染原理

1.1.1 GPU渲染概览

gpu线程的主要工作是将layer tree进行光栅化再发送给GPU,其中最为核心方法ScopedFrame::Raster(),其主要工作如下所示:

  • LayerTree::Preroll: 绘制前的一些准备工作
  • LayerTree::Paint: 此处会嵌套调用各个不同的layer的绘制方法
  • SkCanvas::Flush: 将数据flush到GPU,需要注意的是saveLayer的耗时;
  • AndroidContextGL::SwapBuffers: 缓存交换操作

1.1.2 生产者-消费者模式

  • 当管道中待处理的光栅化任务等于2个的时候(池子满了),则UI线程无法执行Animator::BeginFrame(),而是等于下一次Vsync信号再尝试执行;
  • 当管道中没有待处理的光栅化任务的时候(池子空了),则GPU线程无法执行Rasterizer::Draw(),而是直接返回,等待UI线程向其添加任务。

1) 管道Pipeline中的信号量available_

  • 在Animator初始化过程会设置初始值available_ = 0
  • UI线程执行ProducerCommit(),则available_加1
  • 当available_ > 0,允许GPU线程来执行Consume(),则available_减1

2)管道Pipeline中的信号量empty_

  • 在Animator初始化过程会设置初始值empty_ = 2
  • UI线程执行Produce(),生产layer tree交给GPU线程光栅化操作一次,则执行empty_.TryWait(),也就是empty_减1
  • GPU线程执行完成Consume(),则执行empty_.Signal(),也就是empty_加1;

1.1.3 Timeline说明

这几个过程是Timeline中ui线程的标签项,如图所示

timeline_gpu_draw

UI线程是”PipelineProduce“,相对应的GPU线程则是”PipelineConsume“,贯穿整个Rasterizer::DoDraw()过程。

1.2 GPU线程绘制流程

GPU线程处理流程图

GPUDraw

Flutter渲染机制在UI线程执行到compositeFrame()过程经过多层调用,将栅格化的任务Post到GPU线程来执行。GPU线程一旦空闲则会执行Rasterizer的draw()操作。图中LayerTree::Paint()过程是一个比较重要的操作,会嵌套调用不同layer的Paint过程,比如TransformLayer,PhysicalShapeLayer,ClipRectLayer,PictureLayer等都执行完成会执行flush()将数据发送给GPU。

1.3 核心类图

1.3.1 Surface类图

Surface类关系图

ClassSurface

三种不同的AndroidSurface,见小节2.6.3,说明如下:

  • 硬件VSYNC方式,且开启VULKAN,则采用AndroidSurfaceVulkan,这是当前默认的方式;
  • 硬件VSYNC方式,且未开启VULKAN,则采用AndroidSurfaceGL;
  • 使用软件模拟的VSYNC方式,则采用AndroidSurfaceSoftware;

1.3.2 Layer类图

Layer类关系图

ClassLayer

LayerTree的root_layer来源于SceneBuilder过程初始化,第一个调用PushLayer()的layer便成为root_layer_,后面的调用会形成一个树状结构。从上图,可知ContainerLayer共有9个子类,由这些子类组合成为了一个layer tree,具体的组合方式取决于业务使用方,在LayerTree的Prepoll和Paint过程便会调用这些layer的方法,下面来看看这9个类:

  1. ClipRectLayer:矩形裁剪层,可指定矩形和裁剪行为参数,其中裁剪行为有Clip.none,hardEdge,antiAlias,antiAliasWithSaveLayer四种行为;
  2. ClipRRectLayer:圆角矩形裁剪层,可指定圆角矩形和裁剪行为参数,同上四种行为;
  3. ClipPathLayer:路径裁剪层,可指定路径和裁剪行为参数,同上四种行为;
  4. OpacityLayer:透明层,可指定透明度和偏移量参数,其中偏移量是指从画布坐标系原点到调用者坐标系原点的偏移量;
  5. ShaderMaskLayer:着色层,可指定着色器、矩阵和混合模式参数;
  6. ColorFilterLayer:颜色过滤层,可指定颜色和混合模式参数;
  7. Transformayer:变换图层,可指定转换矩阵参数;
  8. BackdropFilterLayer:背景过滤层,可指定背景图参数;
  9. PhysicalShapeLayer:物理形状层,可指定颜色等八个参数。

二、源码解读GPU线程渲染

2.1 MessageLoopImpl::RunExpiredTasks

[-> flutter/fml/message_loop_impl.cc]

void MessageLoopImpl::RunExpiredTasks() {
  TRACE_EVENT0("fml", "MessageLoop::RunExpiredTasks");
  std::vector<fml::closure> invocations;

  {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(delayed_tasks_mutex_);
    //当没有待处理的task则直接返回
    if (delayed_tasks_.empty()) {
      return;
    }

    auto now = fml::TimePoint::Now();
    while (!delayed_tasks_.empty()) {
      const auto& top = delayed_tasks_.top();
      if (top.target_time > now) {
        break;
      }
      invocations.emplace_back(std::move(top.task));
      delayed_tasks_.pop();
    }

    WakeUp(delayed_tasks_.empty() ? fml::TimePoint::Max()
                                  : delayed_tasks_.top().target_time);
  }

  for (const auto& invocation : invocations) {
    invocation();  // [见小节2.2]
    for (const auto& observer : task_observers_) {
      observer.second();
    }
  }
}

gpu线程是不断循环处理消息的过程。

2.1.1 Shell::OnAnimatorDraw

[-> flutter/shell/common/shell.cc]

void Shell::OnAnimatorDraw(
    fml::RefPtr<flutter::Pipeline<flow::LayerTree>> pipeline) {

  //向GPU线程提交绘制任务
  task_runners_.GetGPUTaskRunner()->PostTask(
      [rasterizer = rasterizer_->GetWeakPtr(),
       pipeline = std::move(pipeline)]() {
        if (rasterizer) {
          rasterizer->Draw(pipeline); //[见小节2.2]
        }
      });
}

书接上文Flutter渲染机制—UI线程的[小节4.10.5]的Shell::OnAnimatorDraw()方法,向gpu线程post任务,交由gpu线程来处理。

2.2 Rasterizer::Draw

[-> flutter/shell/common/rasterizer.cc]

void Rasterizer::Draw(
    fml::RefPtr<flutter::Pipeline<flow::LayerTree>> pipeline) {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "GPURasterizer::Draw");

  flutter::Pipeline<flow::LayerTree>::Consumer consumer =
      std::bind(&Rasterizer::DoDraw, this, std::placeholders::_1);

  //消费pipeline的任务 [见小节2.3]
  switch (pipeline->Consume(consumer)) {
    case flutter::PipelineConsumeResult::MoreAvailable: {
      task_runners_.GetGPUTaskRunner()->PostTask(
          [weak_this = weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr(), pipeline]() {
            if (weak_this) {
              weak_this->Draw(pipeline);
            }
          });
      break;
    }
    default:
      break;
  }
}

执行完Consume()后返回值为PipelineConsumeResult::MoreAvailable,则说明还有任务需要处理,则再次执行不同LayerTree的Draw()过程。

2.3 Pipeline::Consume

[-> flutter/synchronization/pipeline.h]

PipelineConsumeResult Consume(Consumer consumer) {
  if (consumer == nullptr) {
    return PipelineConsumeResult::NoneAvailable;
  }

  // 当ui线程生产了layer tree,则此处可消费
  if (!available_.TryWait()) {
    return PipelineConsumeResult::NoneAvailable;
  }

  ResourcePtr resource;
  size_t trace_id = 0;
  size_t items_count = 0;

  {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex_);
    //从队列中取出头部的资源
    std::tie(resource, trace_id) = std::move(queue_.front());
    queue_.pop();
    items_count = queue_.size();
  }

  {
    TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "PipelineConsume");
    consumer(std::move(resource));  //消费管道中的一项资源[见小节2.4]
  }

  //消费完成,则将消息量empty_执行加1操作
  empty_.Signal();
  TRACE_FLOW_END("flutter", "PipelineItem", trace_id);
  return items_count > 0 ? PipelineConsumeResult::MoreAvailable
                         : PipelineConsumeResult::Done;
}

根据小节2.1,可知这里的consumer绑定的是Rasterizer::DoDraw(),接下里看看这个方法。

2.4 Rasterizer::DoDraw

[-> flutter/shell/common/rasterizer.cc]

void Rasterizer::DoDraw(std::unique_ptr<flow::LayerTree> layer_tree) {
  if (!layer_tree || !surface_) {
    return;
  }
  //[见小节2.5]
  if (DrawToSurface(*layer_tree)) {
    //将layer tree记录到last_layer_tree_
    last_layer_tree_ = std::move(layer_tree);
  }
}

2.5 Rasterizer::DrawToSurface

[-> flutter/shell/common/rasterizer.cc]


bool Rasterizer::DrawToSurface(flow::LayerTree& layer_tree) {
  //此处的surface_为GPUSurfaceGL,得到的是SurfaceFrame [见小节2.6]
  auto frame = surface_->AcquireFrame(layer_tree.frame_size());

  if (frame == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }

  //将ui线程生成layer tree所花费时间,记录到合成器上下文的engine_time里
  compositor_context_->engine_time().SetLapTime(layer_tree.construction_time());
  //获取SkCanvas指针
  auto* canvas = frame->SkiaCanvas();

  auto* external_view_embedder = surface_->GetExternalViewEmbedder();

  if (external_view_embedder != nullptr) {
    external_view_embedder->BeginFrame(layer_tree.frame_size());
  }
  //返回的是ScopedFrame,[见小节2.7]
  auto compositor_frame = compositor_context_->AcquireFrame(
      surface_->GetContext(), canvas, external_view_embedder,
      surface_->GetRootTransformation(), true);

  if (canvas) {
    canvas->clear(SK_ColorTRANSPARENT);
  }

  // [见小节2.8]
  if (compositor_frame && compositor_frame->Raster(layer_tree, false)) {
     //[见小节2.9]
    frame->Submit();
    if (external_view_embedder != nullptr) {
      external_view_embedder->SubmitFrame(surface_->GetContext());
    }
    FireNextFrameCallbackIfPresent();

    if (surface_->GetContext())
      surface_->GetContext()->performDeferredCleanup(kSkiaCleanupExpiration);

    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

该方法主要功能:

  • 执行AndroidSurface的AcquireFrame()来获取SurfaceFrame,此处AndroidSurface为GPUSurfaceGL子类;
  • layer_tree.construction_time()记录ui线程生成layer tree所花费时间,将其记录到compositor_context_的engine_time,用于计算fps;
  • 执行CompositorContext的AcquireFrame()来获取ScopedFrame;
  • 执行ScopedFrame的Raster()进行绘制操作;
  • 执行SurfaceFrame的Submit()来进行flush和SwapBuffers操作。

2.6 AndroidSurface::AcquireFrame

要知道surface_到底是怎么来的,先来看看AndroidSurface::Create()过程。

2.6.1 PlatformView::NotifyCreated

[-> flutter/shell/common/platform_view.h]

void PlatformView::NotifyCreated() {
    delegate_.OnPlatformViewCreated(CreateRenderingSurface()); //[见小节2.6.2]
}

OnPlatformViewCreated()过程会通过rasterizer->Setup(std::move(surface))来初始化surface_变量,而surface_便是由CreateRenderingSurface()方法赋值初始化的,如下所示。

2.6.2 PlatformViewAndroid::CreateRenderingSurface

[-> flutter/shell/platform/android/platform_view_android.cc]

std::unique_ptr<Surface> PlatformViewAndroid::CreateRenderingSurface() {
  if (!android_surface_) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  //[见小节2.6.3/ 2.6.4]
  return android_surface_->CreateGPUSurface();
}

这里有两点需要关注一下:

  • android_surface_变量:通过AndroidSurface::Create完成赋值初始化,返回的数据类型为AndroidSurfaceGL,见小节2.6.3;
  • CreateGPUSurface():该方法返回的数据类型为GPUSurfaceGL,见小节2.6.4;

2.6.3 AndroidSurface::Create

[-> flutter/shell/platform/android/android_surface.cc]

std::unique_ptr<AndroidSurface> AndroidSurface::Create(
    bool use_software_rendering) {
  if (use_software_rendering) {
    auto software_surface = std::make_unique<AndroidSurfaceSoftware>();
    return software_surface->IsValid() ? std::move(software_surface) : nullptr;
  }
#if SHELL_ENABLE_VULKAN
  auto vulkan_surface = std::make_unique<AndroidSurfaceVulkan;>();
  return vulkan_surface->IsValid() ? std::move(vulkan_surface) : nullptr;
#else  
  auto gl_surface = std::make_unique<AndroidSurfaceGL>();
  return gl_surface->IsOffscreenContextValid() ? std::move(gl_surface)
                                               : nullptr;
#endif  
}

三种不同的AndroidSurface,目前android_surface_默认数据类型为AndroidSurfaceGL。

2.6.4 AndroidSurfaceGL::CreateGPUSurface

[-> flutter/shell/platform/android/android_surface_gl.cc]

std::unique_ptr<Surface> AndroidSurfaceGL::CreateGPUSurface() {
  auto surface = std::make_unique<GPUSurfaceGL>(this);
  return surface->IsValid() ? std::move(surface) : nullptr;
}

可见surface_的类型为GPUSurfaceGL。再来看看看AcquireFrame()过程。

2.6.5 GPUSurfaceGL::AcquireFrame

[-> flutter/shell/gpu/gpu_surface_gl.cc]

std::unique_ptr<SurfaceFrame> GPUSurfaceGL::AcquireFrame(const SkISize& size) {
  ...
  //此处delegate_是AndroidSurfaceGL,将其onscreen_context_设置为current
  if (!delegate_->GLContextMakeCurrent()) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  const auto root_surface_transformation = GetRootTransformation();

  sk_sp<SkSurface> surface =
      AcquireRenderSurface(size, root_surface_transformation);

  if (surface == nullptr) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  surface->getCanvas()->setMatrix(root_surface_transformation);

  SurfaceFrame::SubmitCallback submit_callback =
      [weak = weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr()](const SurfaceFrame& surface_frame,
                                          SkCanvas* canvas) {
        return weak ? weak->PresentSurface(canvas) : false;
      };

  //创建SurfaceFrame指针
  return std::make_unique<SurfaceFrame>(surface, submit_callback);
}

该过程会创建SurfaceFrame并设置SubmitCallback方法()。

2.7 CompositorContext::AcquireFrame

[-> flutter/flow/compositor_context.cc]

std::unique_ptr<CompositorContext::ScopedFrame> CompositorContext::AcquireFrame(
    GrContext* gr_context,
    SkCanvas* canvas,
    ExternalViewEmbedder* view_embedder,
    const SkMatrix& root_surface_transformation,
    bool instrumentation_enabled) {
  //创建ScopedFrame指针
  return std::make_unique<ScopedFrame>(*this, gr_context, canvas, view_embedder,
                                       root_surface_transformation,
                                       instrumentation_enabled);
}

创建ScopedFrame,其成遍历context_记录着CompositorContext,而CompositorContext是在Rasterizer对象初始化的时候创建的。

2.8 ScopedFrame::Raster

[-> flutter/flow/compositor_context.cc]

bool CompositorContext::ScopedFrame::Raster(flow::LayerTree& layer_tree,
                                            bool ignore_raster_cache) {
  layer_tree.Preroll(*this, ignore_raster_cache);
  layer_tree.Paint(*this, ignore_raster_cache);
  return true;
}

从小节2.5可知ignore_raster_cache等于false,会采用raster缓存。

2.9 LayerTree::Preroll

[-> flutter/flow/layers/layer_tree.cc]

void LayerTree::Preroll(CompositorContext::ScopedFrame& frame,
                        bool ignore_raster_cache) {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "LayerTree::Preroll");
  SkColorSpace* color_space =
      frame.canvas() ? frame.canvas()->imageInfo().colorSpace() : nullptr;
  frame.context().raster_cache().SetCheckboardCacheImages(
      checkerboard_raster_cache_images_);
  PrerollContext context = {
      //此处采用raster缓存
      ignore_raster_cache ? nullptr : &frame.context().raster_cache(),
      frame.gr_context(),
      frame.view_embedder(),
      color_space,
      kGiantRect,
      frame.context().frame_time(),
      frame.context().engine_time(),
      frame.context().texture_registry(),
      checkerboard_offscreen_layers_};
  //执行相应layer子类的preroll方法
  root_layer_->Preroll(&context, frame.root_surface_transformation());
}

该方法主要功能:

  • frame是由小节2.7过程赋值,其类型为ScopedFrame;
  • 用于统计fps的frame_time和engine_time是来自于CompositorContext的成员;
  • 从root_layer_记录图层树的根节点,根据根节点的具体ContainerLayer子类类型来执行相应类的Preroll方法(), 这里以ContainerLayer为例子来说明。

2.9.1 ContainerLayer::Preroll

[-> flutter/flow/layers/container_layer.cc]

void ContainerLayer::Preroll(PrerollContext* context, const SkMatrix& matrix) {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "ContainerLayer::Preroll");

  SkRect child_paint_bounds = SkRect::MakeEmpty();
  //[见小节2.9.2]
  PrerollChildren(context, matrix, &child_paint_bounds);
  //设置绘制范围
  set_paint_bounds(child_paint_bounds);
}

该方法主要功能是遍历所有子图层,执行具体图层的Preroll()方法,并设置绘制范围。

2.9.2 ContainerLayer::PrerollChildren

[-> flutter/flow/layers/container_layer.cc]

void ContainerLayer::PrerollChildren(PrerollContext* context,
                                     const SkMatrix& child_matrix,
                                     SkRect* child_paint_bounds) {
  for (auto& layer : layers_) {
    PrerollContext child_context = *context;
    //遍历所有的图层,依次执行preroll
    layer->Preroll(&child_context, child_matrix);
    //根据需要设置是否需要合成
    if (layer->needs_system_composite()) {
      set_needs_system_composite(true);
    }
    child_paint_bounds->join(layer->paint_bounds());
  }
}

2.10 LayerTree::Paint

[-> flutter/flow/layers/layer_tree.cc]

void LayerTree::Paint(CompositorContext::ScopedFrame& frame,
                      bool ignore_raster_cache) const {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "LayerTree::Paint");
  SkISize canvas_size = frame.canvas()->getBaseLayerSize();
  SkNWayCanvas internal_nodes_canvas(canvas_size.width(), canvas_size.height());
  internal_nodes_canvas.addCanvas(frame.canvas());
  if (frame.view_embedder() != nullptr) {
    auto overlay_canvases = frame.view_embedder()->GetCurrentCanvases();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < overlay_canvases.size(); i++) {
      internal_nodes_canvas.addCanvas(overlay_canvases[i]);
    }
  }

  Layer::PaintContext context = {
      (SkCanvas*)&internal_nodes_canvas,
      frame.canvas(),
      frame.gr_context(),
      frame.view_embedder(),
      frame.context().frame_time(),
      frame.context().engine_time(),
      frame.context().texture_registry(),
      ignore_raster_cache ? nullptr : &frame.context().raster_cache(),
      checkerboard_offscreen_layers_};
  //当paint_bounds_不为空则需要绘制
  if (root_layer_->needs_painting())
    root_layer_->Paint(context);
}

paint_bounds_是在Preroll过程调用set_paint_bounds方法来赋值的,当paint_bounds_不为空则需要绘制。

对于Paint绘制过程,调用哪个方法取决于图层树结构中相应的layer类型,详见Layer类图 。每个执行Paint()过程会再调用PaintChildren来遍历layers_的子图层,下面列举图上几个类的Paint绘制方法。

2.10.1 TransformLayer::Paint

[-> flutter/flow/layers/transform_layer.cc]

void TransformLayer::Paint(PaintContext& context) const {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "TransformLayer::Paint");
  FML_DCHECK(needs_painting());

  SkAutoCanvasRestore save(context.internal_nodes_canvas, true);
  context.internal_nodes_canvas->concat(transform_);
  PaintChildren(context);
}

2.10.2 PhysicalShapeLayer::Paint

[-> flutter/flow/layers/physical_shape_layer.cc]

void PhysicalShapeLayer::Paint(PaintContext& context) const {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "PhysicalShapeLayer::Paint");
  FML_DCHECK(needs_painting());

  if (elevation_ != 0) {
    DrawShadow(context.leaf_nodes_canvas, path_, shadow_color_, elevation_,
               SkColorGetA(color_) != 0xff, device_pixel_ratio_);
  }

  SkPaint paint;
  paint.setColor(color_);
  if (clip_behavior_ != Clip::antiAliasWithSaveLayer) {
    context.leaf_nodes_canvas->drawPath(path_, paint);
  }

  int saveCount = context.internal_nodes_canvas->save();
  switch (clip_behavior_) {
    case Clip::hardEdge:
      context.internal_nodes_canvas->clipPath(path_, false);
      break;
    case Clip::antiAlias:
      context.internal_nodes_canvas->clipPath(path_, true);
      break;
    case Clip::antiAliasWithSaveLayer:
      context.internal_nodes_canvas->clipPath(path_, true);
      context.internal_nodes_canvas->saveLayer(paint_bounds(), nullptr);
      break;
    case Clip::none:
      break;
  }

  if (clip_behavior_ == Clip::antiAliasWithSaveLayer) {
    context.leaf_nodes_canvas->drawPaint(paint);
  }

  PaintChildren(context);

  context.internal_nodes_canvas->restoreToCount(saveCount);
}

2.10.3 ClipRectLayer::Paint

[-> flutter/flow/layers/clip_rect_layer.cc]

void ClipRectLayer::Paint(PaintContext& context) const {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "ClipRectLayer::Paint");
  FML_DCHECK(needs_painting());

  SkAutoCanvasRestore save(context.internal_nodes_canvas, true);
  context.internal_nodes_canvas->clipRect(paint_bounds(),
                                          clip_behavior_ != Clip::hardEdge);
  if (clip_behavior_ == Clip::antiAliasWithSaveLayer) {
    context.internal_nodes_canvas->saveLayer(paint_bounds(), nullptr);
  }
  PaintChildren(context);
  if (clip_behavior_ == Clip::antiAliasWithSaveLayer) {
    context.internal_nodes_canvas->restore();
  }
}

2.10.4 PictureLayer::Paint

[-> flutter/flow/layers/picture_layer.cc]

void PictureLayer::Paint(PaintContext& context) const {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "PictureLayer::Paint");
  FML_DCHECK(picture_.get());
  FML_DCHECK(needs_painting());

  SkAutoCanvasRestore save(context.leaf_nodes_canvas, true);
  context.leaf_nodes_canvas->translate(offset_.x(), offset_.y());
#ifndef SUPPORT_FRACTIONAL_TRANSLATION
  context.leaf_nodes_canvas->setMatrix(RasterCache::GetIntegralTransCTM(
      context.leaf_nodes_canvas->getTotalMatrix()));
#endif

  if (context.raster_cache) {
    const SkMatrix& ctm = context.leaf_nodes_canvas->getTotalMatrix();
    RasterCacheResult result = context.raster_cache->Get(*picture(), ctm);
    if (result.is_valid()) {
      result.draw(*context.leaf_nodes_canvas);
      return;
    }
  }
  context.leaf_nodes_canvas->drawPicture(picture());
}

2.10.5 OpacityLayer::Paint

[-> flutter/flow/layers/opacity_layer.cc]

void OpacityLayer::Paint(PaintContext& context) const {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "OpacityLayer::Paint");

  SkPaint paint;
  paint.setAlpha(alpha_);

  SkAutoCanvasRestore save(context.internal_nodes_canvas, true);
  context.internal_nodes_canvas->translate(offset_.fX, offset_.fY);

  if (context.view_embedder == nullptr && layers().size() == 1 &&
      context.raster_cache) {
    const SkMatrix& ctm = context.leaf_nodes_canvas->getTotalMatrix();
    RasterCacheResult child_cache =
        context.raster_cache->Get(layers()[0].get(), ctm);
    if (child_cache.is_valid()) {
      child_cache.draw(*context.leaf_nodes_canvas, &paint);
      return;
    }
  }

  SkRect saveLayerBounds;
  paint_bounds()
      .makeOffset(-offset_.fX, -offset_.fY)
      .roundOut(&saveLayerBounds);

  Layer::AutoSaveLayer save_layer =
      Layer::AutoSaveLayer::Create(context, saveLayerBounds, &paint);
  PaintChildren(context);
}

2.11 SurfaceFrame::Submit

[-> flutter/shell/common/surface.cc]

bool SurfaceFrame::Submit() {
  if (submitted_) {
    return false;
  }
  submitted_ = PerformSubmit(); //[见小节2.11.1]
  return submitted_;
}

再回到小节2.5,执行完Raster()后需要执行Submit()提交。

2.11.1 SurfaceFrame::PerformSubmit

[-> flutter/shell/common/surface.cc]

bool SurfaceFrame::PerformSubmit() {
  if (submit_callback_ == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }
  //[见小节2.11.2]
  if (submit_callback_(*this, SkiaCanvas())) {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

此处的submit_callback_是由[小节2.6.4]中赋值的,对应的方法是PresentSurface()

2.11.2 GPUSurfaceGL::PresentSurface

[-> flutter/shell/gpu/gpu_surface_gl.cc]

bool GPUSurfaceGL::PresentSurface(SkCanvas* canvas) {
  if (delegate_ == nullptr || canvas == nullptr || context_ == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }

  if (offscreen_surface_ != nullptr) {
    TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "CopyTextureOnscreen");
    SkPaint paint;
    SkCanvas* onscreen_canvas = onscreen_surface_->getCanvas();
    onscreen_canvas->clear(SK_ColorTRANSPARENT);
    onscreen_canvas->drawImage(offscreen_surface_->makeImageSnapshot(), 0, 0,
                               &paint);
  }

  {
    TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "SkCanvas::Flush");
    //获取SkSurface的fCachedCanvas,再调用其flush(),[见小节2.12]
    onscreen_surface_->getCanvas()->flush();
  }

  if (!delegate_->GLContextPresent()) { //[见小节2.13]
    return false;
  }

  if (delegate_->GLContextFBOResetAfterPresent()) {
    auto current_size =
        SkISize::Make(onscreen_surface_->width(), onscreen_surface_->height());

    auto new_onscreen_surface =
        WrapOnscreenSurface(context_.get(),            // GL context
                            current_size,              // root surface size
                            delegate_->GLContextFBO()  // window FBO ID
        );

    if (!new_onscreen_surface) {
      return false;
    }
    onscreen_surface_ = std::move(new_onscreen_surface);
  }
  return true;
}

此处delegate_为AndroidSurfaceGL类型。

2.12 SkCanvas::flush

[-> third_party/skia/src/core/SkCanvas.cpp]

void SkCanvas::flush() {
    this->onFlush();
}

2.12.1 SkCanvas::onFlush

[-> third_party/skia/src/core/SkCanvas.cpp]

void SkCanvas::onFlush() {
    SkBaseDevice* device = this->getDevice();
    if (device) {
        device->flush();
    }
}

2.13 AndroidSurfaceGL::GLContextPresent

[-> flutter/shell/platform/android/android_context_gl.cc]

bool AndroidSurfaceGL::GLContextPresent() {
  return onscreen_context_->SwapBuffers();
}

2.13.1 AndroidContextGL::SwapBuffers

[-> flutter/shell/platform/android/android_context_gl.cc]

bool AndroidContextGL::SwapBuffers() {
  TRACE_EVENT0("flutter", "AndroidContextGL::SwapBuffers");
  return eglSwapBuffers(environment_->Display(), surface_);
}

附录

本文涉及到相关源码文件

flutter/shell/common/
    - shell.cc
    - rasterizer.cc
    - surface.cc
    - platform_view.h

flutter/shell/platform/android/
    - platform_view_android.cc
    - android_surface.cc
    - android_surface_gl.cc
    - android_context_gl.cc

flutter/flow/layers/
    - layer_tree.cc
    - container_layer.cc
    - transform_layer.cc
    - physical_shape_layer.cc
    - clip_rect_layer.cc
    - picture_layer.cc

flutter/fml/message_loop_impl.cc
flutter/synchronization/pipeline.h
flutter/flow/compositor_context.cc
flutter/shell/gpu/gpu_surface_gl.cc
third_party/skia/src/core/SkCanvas.cpp


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